Universidad de Jaén

Schedule of theory

 

Teaching unit 1: Overhead power lines

 

Block 1: Overhead power lines constituent elements

 

Topic 1: Conductors

 

1.- Introduction

 

2.- Electrical and mechanical characteristics

 

3.- Phase conductors

 

4.- Ground conductors

 

Topic 2: Supports

 

1.- Introduction and general characteristics

 

2.- Classification

 

3.- Types of supports

 

Topic 3: Insulators and Hardware

 

1.- Introduction

 

2.- Insulators

 

3.- Hardware

 

4.- Type Chains

 

5.- Level of insulation

 

6.- Electrical calculation of the chain of insulators

 

7.- Mechanical calculation of the chain of insulators

 

8.- Distribution of potentials in chains of insulators

 

Block 2: Mechanical calculations on overhead power lines

 

Topic 4: Charges and Overcharges to Consider in a High Voltage Airline

 

1.- Introduction

 

2.- Permanent charges

 

3.- Effort of the wind on the airlines

 

4.- Effect of ice on airlines

 

5.- Combined effect of wind and ice

 

Topic 5: Calculating conductors

 

1.- Catenary

 

2.- Control span or canton

 

3.- Maximum allowable strength

 

4.- Vibratory phenomena

 

5.- Maximum arrows in phase conductors and earth cables

Topic 6: Calculation of supports

1.- Efforts that occur in the supports

2.- Calculation hypothesis

3.- Security coefficients

4.- Development of the calculation hypotheses by type of support

5.- Calculation of supports with change of conductor

6.- Calculation of supports in change of zone

7.- Calculation of supports in crash or by shunt

8.- Safety distances in the support

9.- Situation of the heights of the different elements in the supports

10.- Change of conductor plane  

Topic 7: Choice of standard supports  

1.- Use of catalogs

2.- Step of vertical efforts to horizontal

3.- Change of efforts according to safety coefficients

4.- Choice of crosspieces and assemblies

5.- Choice of support for efforts

6.- Optimization of the election

7.- Situation of the heights of the different elements in the supports  

Topic 8: Calculation of Foundations  

1.- General characteristics

2.- Start-up check

3.- Compression check

4.- One block foundations

5.- Fractionated foundations  

Topic 9: Measurements and area of occupancy  

1.- Measurements

2.- Occupancy area

3.- List of goods and rights  

Topic 10: Graphics of use of supports and crossbars  

1.- Generalities

2.- Support of alignment-suspension

3.- Support of alignment-mooring

4.- Alignment-anchor support

5.- Angle-Suspension Support

6.- Support of angle-mooring

7.- Angle-anchor support

8.- Line start-end support

9.- Graphics of use of crossbars

Block 3: Electrical calculations on overhead power lines    

Topic 11: Introduction to Electrical Calculations  

1.- Fundamental constants of the lines  

2.- Constant characteristics derived from fundamental  

3.- Current density of a conductor  

4.- Maximum permissible intensity  

5.- Determination of the section of a conductor by maximum power  

6.- Determination of the section of a conductor by voltage drop    

Topic 12: Short lines  

1.- Vector diagram. Voltage fall  

2.- Types of lines  

3.- Power transmission  

4.- Regulation  

5.- Maximum power with a certain regulation  

Topic 13: Middle lines  

1.- T-equivalent method  

2.- Equivalent method in P  

Topic 14: Long lines  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Voltage and current at any point on the line  

3.- Application of hyperbolic forms  

4.- Characteristic values of a line  

5.- Limit operation of a line  

6.- Direct wave and reflected wave  

7 .- Transmission line as two-port network  

Topic 15: Voltage regulation  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Relationship between the nature of the load, type of line and voltage drop  

3.- Regulation of the voltage in electrical lines. Methods of regulation  

4.- Advantages and disadvantages of static and synchronous capacitors  

5.- Calculation of the powers of the machines necessary to regulate  

Topic 16: Crown Effect  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Voltages that produce the corona effect  

Teaching unit 2: Underground high voltage lines  

Block 4: Constituent elements of high voltage underground lines    

Topic 17: General of high voltage underground lines    

1.- Standard voltages  

2.- Levels of insulation  

3.- Cables  

4.- Accessories  

Topic 18: Types of installations in underground lines    

1.- Introduction  

2.- Directly buried  

3.- In tubing  

4.- In galleries  

5.- In atarjeas or registrable channels  

6.- In trays, supports, moths or directly attached to the wall  

7.- In the aquatic bottoms  

8.- Air-ground conversions  

Block 5: Electrical calculation in underground high voltage lines  

Topic 19: Calculation of drivers  

1.- By voltage drop  

2.- By maximum intensity in steady state  

3.- By short circuit  

Unit 3: Transformation centers and substations  

Block 6: Constituent elements of transformation centers and substations  

Topic 20: High-voltage switchgear  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Nominal characteristics of the high voltage switchgear  

5.- Breakers  

6.- Switches and circuit breakers  

7.- Fuse cutouts  

8.- Protection relays  

9.- Blocking coils

Topic 21: Sizing of conductors and rods  

1.- Introduction

2.- Conductors used

3.- Bare drivers

4.- Sizing by voltage drop

5.- Dimensioning by current density

6.- Dimensioning by short circuit

7.- Choice of the most profitable section

8.- Efforts caused by short circuits  

Block 7: Transformation centers  

Topic 22: Constitution of transformation centers  

1.- Classification of transformation centers

2.- Basic components of a transformation center

3.- Interior layout of transformation centers  

Topic 23: Additional facilities of the processing center  

1.- Ventilation of transformation centers

2.- Lighting and signaling

3.- Fire protection  

Block 8: Substations  

Topic 24: Characteristics of electrical substations  

1.- Introduction

2.- Security and regulations

3.- Main elements

4.- Configurations

5.- Exploitation

6.- Local control, remote control and telecontrol

7.- Hierarchical levels of command

8.- Interlocking

9.- General characteristics of the power unit

10.- Coordination of insulation

11.- General criteria for defining the configuration of a substation

12.- Example of double maneuvers with transfer bar

13.- IP Encoding

14.- IK coding

Topic 25: AIS, GIS and HIS Substations  

1.- AIS Substations  

2.- GIS Substations  

3.- HIS Substations            

Teaching unit 4: Earthing installations  

Block 7: Concepts, methods and calculation processes  

Topic 26: Concepts and definitions of earthing systems  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Resistivity of the terrain  

3.- Selection of the conductor and the joints  

4.- Ground fault currents  

5.- Stream flow through the terrain  

6.- Electrode ground resistance  

Block 8: Calculation Methods and Processes  

Topic 27: Calculation Methods  

1.- Method of Unesa  

2.- Howe Method  

3.- Maxwell Method  

4.- IEEE Std-80 Method  

5.- Determination of the unit coefficients  

6.- Determination of the earth resistance  

7.- Absolute electrode potential  

8.- Calculation of the minimum length of buried cable  

Topic 28: Calculation of earthing in supports  

1.- Generalities  

2.- Regulatory conditions  

3.- Industrial frequency dimensioning of earthing systems  

4.- Sizing with respect to the security of the people  

5.- Classification of the supports according to their location  

6.- Verification of the design of the earthing system  

7.- Difficult earthing conditions

8.- Calculation of sequence impedances for overhead lines

8.1.- Calculation of line resistance and reactance

8.2.- Calculation of direct and reverse sequence impedances

Calculation of homopolar impedance

9.- Defect current

9.1.- Calculation of equivalent sequence impedances at the point of failure

9.2.- Infinite chain impedance

9.3.- Finite chain impedance

9.4.- Defect away from a substation (infinite chain)

9.5.- Defect near a substation (finite chain)

9.6.- Reduction factor for overhead lines with earth threads

 

Topic 29: Calculation of earthing at transformation centers and substations  

1.- Maximum permissible loads in a plant  

2.- Calculation procedure  

3.- Difficult earthing conditions  

4.- Elements of earthing installations and mounting conditions  

5.- Determination of the fault currents for the calculation of the contact and contact voltages  

6.- Separation of low voltage neutral

7.- Defect currents

7.1.- Transformer Substations

7.2.- Substations

8.- Sequence impedances of the substations
9.- Sequence impedances of underground lines
9.1.- Placement of the conductors
9.2.- Equivalent resistance of earth return
9.3.- Ground return distance
9.4.- Impedance matrices
9.5.- Impedances of line sequences

Teaching unit 5: Overvoltages in high voltage installations  

Block 9: Coordination of insulation and surges in electrical networks  

Topic 30: Coordination of isolation  

1.- Introduction and objectives  

2.- Overvoltages in high voltage electrical networks  

3.- Characteristics and behavior of insulation  

4.- Surge protection  

5.- Coordination of insulation  

Topic 31: Overvoltages in high voltage installations  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Temporary overvoltages  

3.- Slow front overvoltages  

4.- Rapid front overvoltages  

5.- Very fast front-side overvoltages  

Topic 32: Shielding of power lines and substations  

1.- Introduction  

2.- Shielding of electrical lines  

3.- Total shielding angle  

4.- Shielding of electrical substations  

5. Shielding with guard cables  

6.- Shielding with Franklin tips  

7.- Special cases of shielding of substations  

8.- Comparison between Franklin tips and guard cables  

Topic 33: Surge protection. Lighting rod  

1.- Introduction  

2. Characteristics of non-explosive variable resistance lightning rods  

3.- Lightning selection criteria  

Schedule of practice  

Practice 1: Surveying  

1 .- What is a topographic profile?  

2.- Guitar  

3.- Methods for obtaining the topography of an electric line  

Practice 2: Obtaining the longitudinal profile of the power line  

1.- Determination of the initial and final points of the line  

2.- Introduction of vertices  

3.- Several traces in the same project  

Practice 3: Accidents and crossings with the power line  

1.- Electrical isolation distances to avoid discharges  

2.- Special requirements  

3 .- Crossings. Distances. Parallelisms  

4.- Accidents  

Practice 4: Determination of the conductor to be used in the line according to the transport power  

1.- Current density  

2.- Maximum current in the conductor by thermal limit  

3.- Maximum power by thermal limit  

4.- Resistance in an overhead power line  

5.- Self-induction in an overhead power line  

6.- Reactance in an overhead power line  

7.- Maximum power by voltage drop. Electric moment  

Practice 5: Plotting and editing the line  

1.- Plotting  

2.- Edition

Practice 6: Calculation of Regulatory Voltages and Laying Table  

1.- Regulatory Hypotheses  

2.- Vibratory phenomena  

3.- Laying table  

Practice 7: Calculation of supports  

1.- Hypothesis  

2.- Distances in the support  

Practice 8: Choice of supports and crosspieces  

1.- Determination of the catalog  

2.- Choice of crossbars and assemblies  

3.- Choice of supports  

Practice 9: Foundations  

1.- One block foundations  

2.- Split fractions  

Practice 10: Measurements  

1.- Excavation volume  

2.- Concrete volume  

3.- Length of the line  

4.- Length of conductor  

5.- Weight of the driver  

6.- Weight of the supports  

7.- Number of mooring and suspension chains

Practice 11: Underground link line  

1.- Determination of the lowering auxiliary elements  

2.- Calculation of the section by voltage drop  

3.- Calculation of the section by thermal limit  

4.- Calculation of the section by short circuit  

Practice 12: Choice of Transformation Center Protections  

1.- Sectional elements  

2.- Cutting elements  

3.- Fuses  

4.- Voltage transformers  

5.- Current Transformers  

Practice 13: Calculation of sections and conductors and center bars  

1.- Calculation of the section by voltage drop  

2.- Calculation of the section by thermal limit  

3.- Calculation of the section by short circuit  

4.- Calculation of the electrodynamic forces by short circuit  

Practice 14: Calculation of earthing of power line supports  

1.- Calculation of the voltages of passage, contact and passage in the access of standars  

2.- Determination of the earthing electrode  

3.- Calculation of the earth resistance and fault current  

4.- Calculation of the unit coefficients Kp, Kc, Kpacc  

5.- Comparison between regulatory and installation voltages  

6.- Corrective measures  

Practice 15: Calculation of the earthing of the transformation center  

1.- Calculation of the voltages of passage, contact and passage in the access of standars  

2.- Determination of the earthing electrode  

3.- Calculation of the earth resistance and fault current  

4.- Calculation of the unit coefficients Kp, Kc, Kpacc  

5.- Comparison between regulatory and installation voltages  

6.- Corrective measures

- Exposure classes of theory and practical examples
- Exhibition of works of students
- Practical classes

Students with special educational needs should contact the Student Attention Service (Servicio de Atención y Ayudas al Estudiante) in order to receive the appropriate academic support

• Theoretical and practical at the end of the semester that will be a value in the final grade of 60% written exam. In this test the skills cel2, CT2 and CT4 and learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 are evaluated.
• Work experience with delivering a project of a power line and subeterránea AERES with high voltage transformer. complete with a weight on the final grade of 15%. This section cel2 skills, CT1, CT2 and CT4 and learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 are evaluated.
• Working on a topic of the course and exhibition of the same class will have a total value on the subject of 15%. This section cel2 skills, CT1, CT2 and CT4 and learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 are evaluated.
• Attendance at practical classes and sessions exhibition of work by 10%. This section cel2 skills, CT1, CT2 and CT4 and learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 are evaluated.
• To get pass the course must be obtained in the written test at least 5 out of 10.