Universidad de Jaén

Block 1. METALLIC CRYSTALS, SOLIDIFICATION AND DIFFUSION.

CHAPTER 1: THE MATERIALS SCIENCE. THE SELECTION OF MATERIAL.

CHAPTER 2: CRYSTAL AND AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE. 2.1. States of matter. 2.2 Atoms and bonds. 2.3. Substances crystalline and amorphous. 2.4. Crystalline order. 2.5. The space Lattice and Unit Cells. 2.6. Crystal Systems and Bravais Lattices. 2.7 Isomorphism, polymorphism and Allotropy. 2.8. Geometric study of metal nets. 2.8.1. Stacking. 2.8.2 Coordination number. 2.8.3. Atomic packing factor. 2.8.4. Principal Metallic Crystal Structures. 2.8.4.1. Simple cubic. 2.8.4.2  Body -centered cubic. 2.8.4.3. Face-centered cubic. 2.8.5. Origin of the interstitial sites. 2.8.5.1 Location. 2.8.5.2. Measure your space or size. 2.9. Theoretical, linear and planar density. 2.10 Miller Indices. Planes and Directions. 2.11. Miller-Bravais Indices for Hexagonal Crystal Structure: Planes and Directions.

CHAPTER 3: CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS. 3.1. Influence of defects. 3.2. Groups of defects. 3.2.1 Reticular vibrations of heat source. 3.2.2. Point defects. 3.2.3. Line defects. 3.2.4. Planar defects. 3.3. Types of point defects. 3.3.1. Vacancy. 3.3.2. Interstialcy. 3.3.3. Impurities. 3.3.4. Schottky imperfections. 3.3.5. Frenkel imperfection. 3.4. Line defects or dislocations. 3.5. Planar defects. 3.5.1. Stacking. 3.5.2. Maclas. 3.5.3. Stacking defects.

CHAPTER 4: SOLIDIFICATION AND DIFFUSION.

TEMA 4: SOLIDIFICACIÓN Y DIFUSIÓN. ALLOYS.  4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Steps of crystalization. 4.3. Factors of  crystallization process. 4.4. Microstructure. 4.5. Solidifying ingot. 4.6. Defects in the solidification. 4.6.1. Heterogeneities of the microstructure. 4.6.2. Chemical and physical heterogeneities 4.7. Processes of rapid solidification (R. S. T.). 4.8. Characteristics of the products obtained by R.S.T 4.9. Diffusion. Introduction. 4.10. Diffusiion Mechanisms. 4.10.1. Vacancy or Substitutional Diffussion Mechanism. 4.10.3. Intersticial Diffussion Mechanisms 4.10.3. Exchange of attoms Mechanism. 4.11. Activation Energy. 4.12.Concentration, concentration gradient.4.13. Types of diffusion. 4.14. Influence of diffusion time. 4.15. Diffusivity. 4.16. Fick´s Laws. 4.17. Examples of diffusion. Applications. 4.18. Pure metals and alloys. 4.19. Constitution of the alloys.4.20. Types of alloys. Composition. 4.21. Solid solutions. Tipos. 4.22. Hume-Rothery rules. 4.23. Phases intermediate. 4.24. Insolubility. 4.25. Properties of the solid solutions. 4.26. Determination of the type of solid solution. 4.27. Neat solid solutions.

Block 2: PHASE DIAGRAMS.

CHAPTER 5: EQUILIBRIUM OF SYSTEMS. PHASE DIAGRAMS. TRANSFORMATIONS OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM. 5.1. Systems equilibrium. 5.1.1. Material system: Component and phases 5.1.2. Equilibrium systems, equilibrium factors and degrees of freedom. 5.1.3.Gibbs phase rule. 5.2. Phase diagrams. 5.2.1. Phase diagrams. Systems equilibrium. 5.2.2. Construction of a phase diagram. 5.2.3. The lever rule. 5.2.4. Types of phase diagrams according to solubility. 5.2.5. Rules of interpretation of phase diagrams. 5.3. Phase transformation of nonequilibrium (thermodynamic point). 5.3.1. Metastable equilibrium. Cooling of non-equilibrium. 5.3.2. (Coring y Surrounding. 5.3.3. Precipitation and supersaturation.

Block 3: METALLIC MATERIALS, CORROSION.

CHAPTER 6: FERROUS ALLOYS: STEELS AND CAST IRON. 6.1. Metallurgical products. 6.2. The iron. Alotropicos States. 6.3. Forms commercial of the iron. 6.4. The iron-carbon phase diagram. 6.5. Classification of iron-carbon. 6.6. Constituent structural of equilibrium of the steels. 6.6.1. Austenite. 6.6.2. Ferrite. 6.6.3. Cementite. 6.6.4. Pearlite. 6.7. Influencia del carbono en las propiedades de los aceros. 6.8. Classification of steels. 6.9. Commercial forms of steels. 6.10. Cast iron. Iron-graphite  phase diagram. 6.11. Constituent structural of cast iron. 6.11.1. Graphite. 6.11.2. Steadite. 6.11.3. Ledeburite. 6.11.4. Ferrite. 6.11.5. Pearlite. 6.12. Clasification of cast iron. 6.12.1. White cast iron. 6.12.2. Gray cast iron. 6.12.3. Bass cast iron. 6.12.4. Ductil or spherulitic grahite cast iron. 6.12.5. Malleable cast iron. 6.12.6. Alloy cast iron.

CHAPTER 7: FERROUS ALLOYS: HEAT TREATMENTS. 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Transformation of austenite. 7.3. Isothermal transformation. Martensite Transformation. 7.4. Relationship between cooling curves and isothermal transformation (IT) diagram. 7.5. Martensity transformation during the continous-cooling. The S-shaped curve. 7.6. Annealing. Types of annealing. 7.7. Normalizing. 7.8. Tempering. 7.8.1. Factors influencing the tempering. 7.8.2. Types of tempering. 7.8.3. Hardenability and tempering capacity. Measurement of the hardenability. 7.9. Tempering. Factors influencing the tempering. 7.10. Thermochemical treatments.

CHAPTER 8: NON FERROUS ALLOYS. 8.1. Unalloyed Copper. 8.2. Properties and applications. 8.3. Stress relief. 8 .4. Clasification of copper alloys. 8.5. Brasses properties and applications. 8.6. Bronzes properties and applications. Types of bronzes: tin, aluminium, nickel, silicon. 8.7. Applications and heat treatments. 8.8. Unalloyed aluminium. 8.9. Properties and Applications. 8.10. Main Aluminium Alloys. Clasification. 8.11. Wrought Aluminium Alloys: heat treatments. 8.12. Aluminium casting alloys: modification of the alloys Al-Si. 8.13. Properties and applications of aluminium alloys. 8.14. Other non ferreous alloys for industrial use.

CHAPTER 9: CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL. 9.1. Concepts and Importance. 9.2. Electrochemical fundaments. 9.3. Corrosion rate. 9.4. Types of corrosion. 9.5. Corrosion control: methods.

Block 4: NON METALIC MATERIALS, MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL.

CHAPTER 10: CERAMIC MATERIALS. 10.1. Simple ceramic cristal structures. Ionic crystals. 10.2. Silicate structures. 10.3. Ceramic materials non cristalline: glasses. Glass Transition Temperature. 10.4. Properties and clasification of ceramics. 10.5. Mechanical properties of ceramics.10.6. Industrial ceramics. Abrasive materials.

CHAPTER 11: POLIMERIC MATERIALS. 11.1. Long-chain molecular compounds. 11.2. Crystallinity of polimerics.  11.3. Amorfous and semicrystalline thermoplastic structures. 11.4. Elastómeros. 11.5. Three-dimensional networks: thermoset polymerics. 11.6. Polymerization mechanisms. 11.7. Degree of polymerization. 11.8. Behavior of polymers.11.9. Additives.11.10. Industrial polimerics.

CHAPTER 12: COMPOSITE MATERIALS. 12.1. Introduction. Concept of composite material. 12.2. Matrix and reinforcement. Types of matrix. Considerations about the matrix. 12.3. Fibers reinforced-plastic composite materials. 12.4. Particles-reinforced-plastic composite materials.   12.5. Mechanical behaviour. Aplications.

Bloque 5: TESTING OF MATERIALS

TEMA 13: TENSILE, FLEXION AND TECHNOLOGICAL TESTS.13.1. Tensile test. Definitions. Stress-Strain diagram. Test specimens.Test run. Results. 13.2. Fexion test: fundamentals, flexion diagram. 13.3. Technological diagrams: folding, stamping, forging, cutting, punching.

TEMA 14: HARDNESS TESTING. 14.1. Classification of methods of measurement of hardness. 14.2. Hardness testing for by static penetration: Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell. 14.3. Advantages and disadvantages.

TEMA 15: IMPACT TESTING. 14.1. Toughness testing. Concepts. Importance. 14.2. Influence factors. 14.3. Types and dimensions of test specimens. 14.4. Charpy Test. Izod Test.

CHAPTER16: METALLOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES. MACROSCOPIA AND MICROSCOPY. 16.1. The metallographic laboratory. 16.2 Macroscopia: preparation and attack. Macroscopic techniques. 16.3. Microscopy : phase preparation of samples. 16.4. The metallographic microscopy. 16.5 Observation of different constituent structural. 16.6. Measures of grain size.

CHAPTER 17: NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING. 17.1 Visual inspection. 17.2. Examination using ultrasound. Rationale physical. Nature and properties of the ultrasonic waves. 17.3. Equipment and operation techniques. 17.4 Trials by magnetic methods. Physical fundamentals. Techniques and equipment. 17.5. Detection of surface cracks. Penetrating liquids. Considerations about the severity of the defects.

Practice

Tensile test.

Hardness testing

Impact testing

Corrosion test with salt spray chamber

Visualization of the anode and cathodic reactions

Metallographic techniques. Observation of different constituent structural and measures of grain size.

Selection of materials (computer practices).

The theoretical academic sessions consist of lectures of the program content for the whole group to give students a general and systematic vision of the various topics, highlighting the most important aspects of them, in such a way that clearly offers students the possibility of motivation by those who are experts in the field through dialogue and the exchange of ideas. Prior exposure of the objectives of each chapter and its specific applications to the field of chemistry, will form the basis for focus their interest and motivate their learning. The further development of each chapter is preceded by a general description of contents, illustrated through Microsoft Office PowerPoint presentations in English language, of which the students will have previously on the ILIAS platform, as well as the help of slate in those contents that require it. Audiovisual sessions for a better understanding of the contents are used in some chapters. The active participation of the student will be raised at these sessions.

The practical academic sessions in the classroom are indispensable to consolidate the theoretical knowledge and deepen them. They consist of the resolution both professor  and student of problems relating to the themes developed in the master classes that will develop the student skills capacity for analysis, troubleshooting and application of knowledge to practice, promoting participation and self-confidence of students. On the other hand, experimental laboratory practices will take place in small groups (max. 25 students), which will be announced experimental techniques relevant for the study of materials and methodologies. The students will have a script with the documentation required for the realization of the practices previously. Practices will consist of a brief theoretical explanation and then the explanation of the operation of the instruments to be used. Subsequently students pass to carry out this practice, preparing a report that will be evaluated.  Also will be computer with the CES EduPack software practices to support and improve teaching materials above, engineering, design and sustainability. CES EduPack provides a comprehensive database with information on materials and processes of transformation, powerful software tools and a variety of supporting material. It also includes a structured methodology that will allow students to compare materials and processes, as well as exercise material selection.

Collective tutorials : sessions in which students will expose the professor: resolution of doubts or questions in understanding the contents, orientation, review of problems, monitoring and evaluation of the aimed activities, as well as presentation and exhibition of works, etc.

Students with special educational needs should contact the Student Attention Service (Servicio de Atención y Ayudas al Estudiante) in order to receive the appropriate academic support

Exam written on the dates indicated officially in the guide of the student. This test objective will consist in answer to questions short or type test in which is dealt with them aspects more important of the subject, besides in the resolution of problems (C20;) B1; B2; Q3).

Practices of laboratory and of computer: P4; B2; Q3; C20

Attendance and active participation in class, (5%), to achieve 5% rating the student must attend at least 80% of classes and participate actively, delivery of activities (10%): B1; B2; Q3; C20