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Syllabus 2015-16 - 75013004 - Mechanised Agriculture and Harvest (Mecanización agraria y recolección)

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  • Level 1: Tutorial support sessions, materials and exams in this language
  • Level 2: Tutorial support sessions, materials, exams and seminars in this language
  • Level 3: Tutorial support sessions, materials, exams, seminars and regular lectures in this language
DEGREE: Máster Univ. en Olivar y aceite de oliva
FACULTY: Centro de Estudios de Postgrado
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-16
COURSE: Mechanised Agriculture and Harvest
SYLLABUS
1. COURSE BASIC INFORMATION
NAME: Mechanised Agriculture and Harvest
CODE: 75013004 ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015-16
LANGUAGE: English LEVEL: 1
ECTS CREDITS: 3.0 YEAR: 1 SEMESTER: PC
2. LECTURER BASIC INFORMATION
NAME: PALOMAR CARNICERO, JOSÉ MANUEL
DEPARTMENT: U121 - INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA Y MINERA
FIELD OF STUDY: 590 - MÁQUINAS Y MOTORES TÉRMICOS
OFFICE NO.: A3 - 015 E-MAIL: jpalomar@ujaen.es P: 953212368
WEBSITE: -
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-1223
LANGUAGE: English LEVEL: 1
3. CONTENT DESCRIPTION

The thematic blocks of the subject are the following:

  SECTION 1: Land Management: First contact with the subject. The importance within the Master and the main factors to design a new olive grove. What are the objectives of a plantation? What does the preparation of land entail? What are the operations to perform? What are the different systems used in the olive grove? What are the different farming systems? What are the machines used to perform all these operations?

SECTION 2: Fertilization and Plant-health treatments: study of farm tools for complementary labors with a view to breaking up clods and refining the soil, controlling weeds and adding mineral fertilizer and manure. Following, the machines for the fertilization and plant-health treatments are studied.

SECTION 3: Pruning: It is one of the most important tasks applied to tree which modify the natural form of their vegetation, invigorating or restricting the development of the branches. The aim is to achieve the highest productivity, and even, restore part or the entire tree. A distinction is made between shape pruning, spur pruning and renewal pruning. The aim is achieve robust trees that allow a considerable amount and quality of fruits and which facilitate the mechanization of the olive grove.

SECTION 4: Harvesting and cleaning fruits machinery: A general overview on the tasks of manual harvesting is carried out. Furthermore, the need to use the mechanization of the olive grove with the objective of achieving a better yield in the different operations is introduced. Then, a study on different machines used to harvesting and cleaning of fruits, especially vibrators, is performed.

SECTION 5: Olive grove costs: After a number of general consideration, the study of fixed and variable costs is analyzed. Several practice cases on studies of costs of the different operations carried out in the olive grove are shown.

  DEVELOPED PROGRAM

 

As can be seen in the present guide, the competences that are going to develop in the subject are completely general. In this sense, all competences will be worked in each topic.   

 

  ¬  SECTION 1: Land Management

 

TOPIC 1: MECHANIZATION OF THE OLIVE GROVE PLANTATION: 1.1.- Objectives of the olive grove plantations. 1.2.- Plantation techniques. 1.2.1.- Preparation of land. 1.2.2.- Plantation.

 

TOPIC 2: LAND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES : 2.1.- Traditional tilling. 2.2.- Crop systems in the olive grove. 2.2.1.- The tillage. 2.2.2.- Not tillage with bare soil cover. 2.2.3.- Semi-tillage. 2.2.4.- Minimun tillage. 2.2.5.- Crop systems with cover. 2.3.- Characteristics and employment of farm tools. 2.3.1.- Ploughing and soil. 2.3.2.- Types of farm tools. 2.3.3.-Tillage yield and power required. 2.3.4.- Ploughs to prepare the land: Subsoilers and scarifiers.

 

TOPIC 3: LAND MANAGEMENT MACHINERY : 3.1.- Moldboard plows. Types of moldboard. 3.1.1.- Moldboard plow elements. 3.1.2.- Regulations. 3.2.- Disc plows. 3.2.1.- Work elements. 3.2.2.- Regulations.

 

¬  SECTION 2: Fertilization and Plant-health treatments

 

TOPIC 4: PLOWS FOR COMPLEMENTARY LABORS: 4.1.- Plows for complementary labors. 4.1.1.- Cultivators. 4.1.2.- Disc plows. 4.1.3. Rollers.

 

TOPIC 5: MACHINES FOR FERTILIZING: 5.1.- Types of fertilizers. 5.2.- Types of fertilizing machines for solid fertilizers. 5.2.1.- Distributors by gravity. 5.2.2.- Centrifugal distributors. 5.2.3.- Pneumatic distributors. 5.3.- Regulation and calibration. 5.4.- Machines for the distribution of liquid fertilizers. 5.5.-Equipment for the manure management. 5.5.1.- Trailers for manure distribution. 5.5.2.- Systems for the treatment of liquid manure. 5.5.3.- Distributor tanks of slurry.

 

TOPIC 6: MACHINERY FOR  PLANT-HEALTH TREATMENTS: 6.1.- Types of plant protection devices. 6.2.- Qualities for a good treatment. 6.3.- Sprayers. 6.3.1.- Advantages and disadvantages of sprayers. 6.4.- Atomizers. 6.4.1.- Advantages and disadvantages of atomizers. 6.5.- Treatment dose and yields.         

 

¬  SECTION 3: Pruning

 

TOPIC 7: MACHINERY FOR PRUNING: 7.1.- Generalities. 7.2.- Shape pruning. 7.2.1.- Transformation of  shrub-like forms in trees of an alone trunk. Spur pruning. 7.3.1.- Realization of spur pruning. 7.4.- Renewal pruning. 7.5.- Mechanical pruning. 7.5.1. Mechanical pruning tests.    

 

¬  SECTION 4: Harvesting and cleaning fruits machinery

 

TOPIC 8: MANUAL HARVESTING: 8.1.- Introduction: Need and justification of the mechanization of olive grove. 8.2.- Needs of human work of olive grove. 8.3.- Tradictional harvesting systems. 8.3.1.- Collected from the ground. 8.3.2.- Hand picking. 8.3.3.- Beating. 8.4.- Harvesting. Optimun period. 8.4.1.-Ripening. 8.4.2. Resistence to the fruit fall. 8.4.3.- Oil content in the fruits. 8.4.4.- Evolution of oil quality in the fruit. 8.4.5. Fruits fall. 8.4.6.- Influence of the harvesting period in the following harvests. 8.4.7.- Optimun time of haversting.

 

TOPIC 9: HARVESTING AND CLEANING FRUITS MACHINERY: 9.1.- Machinery for harvesting the fruit of the soil. 9.1.1.- Swathers of side dumping. 9.1.2.- Harvesting machine, cleaning machine and charging machine. 9.2.- Machinery for the reception of fruits. 9.3 .- Machinery for the cleaing of fruits.  

 

TOPIC 10:  MECHANICAL HARVESTING. VIBRATORS. 10.1.- Harvesting phases. 10.1.1. Preparation of soil. 10.1.2.- Harvesting of fruit fall of natural manner on the soil. 10.1.3. Harvesting of fruit in the tree. 10.2.- Vibrators. The beginning and evolution. 10.2.1.- Basic characteristic parameters of the vibration.

 

TOPIC 11: INTEGRAL HARVESTING: 11.1.- Agricultural aspects to be considered to implement an olive grove. 11.2.- Olive grove characteristics for a good mechanical harvesting. 11.3.- Integral mechanization. 11.3.1.- Agricultural harvesting of inclined planes. 11.3.2.- Agricultural harvesting of inverted umbrella.

 

TOPIC 12: POST-HARVESTING MECHANIZATION: 12.1.- Preparation and transport of fruit. 12.2.- Reception of fruit in the olive-oil mill. 12.3.- Clasification of the fruit. 12.4.- Cleaning and washing. 12.4.1. Olive fruit cleaning machine. 12.4.2.- Olive fruit washing machine. 12.4.3.- Automatic weighing hoppers.        

 

¬  SECTION 5: Olive grove costs  

 

TOPIC 13: COST ANALYSIS. 13.1.- Introduction to the cost study. 13.2.- Fixed and variable costs. 13.3.- Models of harvesting costs. 13.4.- The services companies.

4. COURSE DESCRIPTION AND TEACHING METHODOLOGY

Taking into account the timetable of the subject, published in the master’s web, the following activities will be performed:

 

Lectures delivered at the classroom.

Problems-practical cases solving

Realization of individual work and its exhibition to the public

Visit to some plantations and machinery companies

Seminars: Short lecture about a relevant topic directly linked with the contents of the subject.

Students with special educational needs should contact the Student Attention Service (Servicio de Atención y Ayudas al Estudiante) in order to receive the appropriate academic support

5. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

To pass the course, students need to pass both the individual work and the exam of theoretical content.

6. BOOKLIST
MAIN BOOKLIST:
  • The art of pruning fruit-trees [Recurso electrónico] : with an explanation of some words which gardi. Edition: -. Author: Venette, Nicolas, 1633-1698. Publisher: London : Printed for Thom. Basset ..., 1685.  (Library)
  • Development and optimization pf a protocol of fertilization in organic olive orchards = Desarrollo y. Edition: -. Author: Gómez Muñoz, Beatriz. Publisher: [S.l. : s.n.], 2011  (Library)
  • Desert olive oil cultivation [Recurso electrónico] : advanced biotechnologies. Edition: -. Author: Wiesman, Zeev. Publisher: New York : Elsevier, c2009.  (Library)
  • Handbook of olive oil: analysis and properties. Edition: -. Author: -. Publisher: Gaithersburg, Maryland : Aspen, 2000  (Library)
  • Olive oil: minor constitutents and health. Edition: -. Author: -. Publisher: Boca Raton : CRC Press, c2009.  (Library)